Increasing 5G network densification will greatly improve indoor coverage. As noted, indoor environments are not particularly friendly to high-band mmWave 5G radios. Walls can block high-band signals entirely, but even midband 5G RF can be weakened by office partitions and furniture.
Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) is a new fast-growing wireless technology 3GPP cellular technology standard introduced in Release 13 that addresses the LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) requirements of the IoT. It's been classified as a 5G technology, standardised by 3GPP in 2016.
Cat-M1, also known as LTE Cat-M, is a low-cost LPWAN technology developed by 3GPP as part of the 13th edition of LTE standard. It's a complementary technology to NB IOT, with faster upload and download speeds of 1Mbps and lower latency of 10 to 15ms.
Is NB-IoT 5G? NB-IoT and LTE-M were initially developed for the 4G LTE standard. However, 3GPP, the standards group responsible for 5G as well as the NB-IoT and LTE-M standards, has made NB-IoT and LTE-M part of the 5G standard.
NB-IoT can be used in both IP and non-IP modes.
It also supports voice features in IoT applications, such as medical alert devices and home alarm systems, where the ability of people to talk is important.
In order to get online with our 4G LTE-M/NB-IoT devices, you will require a SIM card that operates on these networks. Network terminology can be confusing - often multiple terms are used for the same network - e.g. Cat-M1 and LTE-M are used interchangeably.
WiFi is a 2.4 GHz network communication standard that's been adapted to work with smart home devices. Unlike Z-Wave and Zigbee, it is not a mesh network technology so smart devices don't repeat signals and each device must be within direct range of the router to work.
Examples include smart agriculture, several smart city applications (e.g. smart parking, smart street lighting, waste management), some smart home applications, smart meters (and given indoor penetration, see below, submetering), manufacturing automation, smart grid applications, smoke detectors, industrial IoT ...
7G (seventh-generation wireless) is the inevitable intelligent cellular technology. 7G networks will be able to use higher frequencies and provide substantially higher capacity and much lower latency in communications.